Body technicians and painters are constantly handling substances which are harmful to health. The harmful effect of liquids,chemicals and materials on the hands can be prevented,in many cases,by wearing the correct type of gloves. To comply...

All employees should be aware of the importance of personal hygiene and should follow correct procedures to clean and protect the skin in order to avoid irritants causing skin infections and derma- titis. All personnel should use a suitable...

The main responsibility for occupational health and safety lies with the employer. It is the employer who must provide a safe working envir- onment,safe equipment and safety protection and must also ensure that all work methods are carried...

Single vehicle approval scheme The Single Vehicle Approval (SVA) scheme is apre-registration inspection for cars and light goods vehicles that have not been type-approved to British or European standards. The main purposeof the scheme is to...

Vehicle type approval Many industrial sectors are subject to some form of approval or certification system but road vehicles are a special case,because of their importance to and impact upon society,and have been subject to specific technica...

Vehicle identification numbers The vehicle identification number (VIN) is stamped on a plate located typically inside the engine compartment or on a door pillar. A VINsystem is shown in Figure 1.52. The figure alsoshows the paint and trim co...

Comparative terms in common use by British,American and European car manufacturers As manufacturers use differing terms for the various body panel assemblies and individual panels,difficulties may arise when identifying specific panels. The...

Complete body shell A contemporary vehicle embracing all the latest techniques of panel assembly is shown in Figures 1.50 and 1.51. Figure 1.50 illustrates the com- pleted structure with all panel assemblies in place. Figure 1.51 shows the...

Trims Some details of exterior and interior trims are shown in Figures 1.48 and 1.49. Figure 1.48 Exterior trim (Rover Group Ltd) 73Lower front grille 74Front spoiler 75Front bumper 76Front bumper insert 77Front grille 81Door mirror assembl...

Bonnet The bonnet (Figure 1.45) is the panel which covers the engine compartment where this is situated at the front of the vehicle,or the boot compartment of a rear-engined vehicle. Several kinds of bonnets are in use on different makes of...

Boot lid or tailgate This is really another door which allows access to the luggage compartment in the rear of the car (Figure 1.46). A boot lid is composed of an outer and an inner panel. These panels are spot welded along their flanged edg...

1.5.14 Doors Several types of door are used on each vehicle built,although the construction of the various doors is similar regardless of the location of the door on the vehicle,as indicated on Figure 1.47. The door is composed of two main...

Wings A wing is a part of the body which covers the wheel. Apart from covering the suspension construction, the wing prevents water and mud from being thrown up on to the body by the wheels. The front wings (or the fender assembly) are usua...

Rear wheel arch assembly This assembly is constructed as an integral part of the inner construction of the rear quarter panel. It is usually a two-piece construction comprising the wheel arch and the quarter panel, which are welded together...

Rear quarter panel or tonneau assembly This is integral with the side frame assembly and has both inner and outer construction. The inner construction comprises the rear wheel arch and the rear seat heelboard assembly. This provides the sup...

AutoRoof panel The roof panel is one of the largest of all major body panels, and it is also one of the simplest in construction. The area which the roof covers varies between different makes and models of cars. On some cars, the roof panel...

Body side frame assembly On a four-door saloon this incorporates the A-post, the BC-post, the D-post and the rear quarter section. The side frames reinforce the floor pan along the sill sections. The hinge pillar or A-post extends forward t...

Complete underbody assembly This is commonly called the floor pan assembly, and is usually composed of several smaller panels welded together to form a single floor unit. All floor panels are reinforced on the underside by stiffening member...

Boot floor assembly This is a section of the floor between the seat panel and the extreme back of the boot. It is strengthened by the use of cross members to carry the rear seat passengers. This area forms the rear bulkhead between the two...

Main floor assembly This is the passenger-carrying section of the main floor. It runs backwards from the toe panel to the heelboard or back seat assembly. It is strengthened to carry the two front seats, and in some cases may have a transmi...

A-post assembly This is an integral part of the body side frame. It is connected to the front end assembly and forms the front door pillar or hinge post. It is designed to carry the weight of the front door and helps to strengthen the front...

Front side member assembly This is an integral part of the front-end assembly; it connects the front wing valances to the cowl or dash assembly. It is designed to strengthen the front end; it is part of the crumple zone, giving lateral stre...