Boot floor assembly This is a section of the floor between the seat panel and the extreme back of the boot. It is strengthened by the use of cross members to carry the rear seat passengers. This area forms the rear bulkhead between the two...

Main floor assembly This is the passenger-carrying section of the main floor. It runs backwards from the toe panel to the heelboard or back seat assembly. It is strengthened to carry the two front seats, and in some cases may have a transmi...

A-post assembly This is an integral part of the body side frame. It is connected to the front end assembly and forms the front door pillar or hinge post. It is designed to carry the weight of the front door and helps to strengthen the front...

Front side member assembly This is an integral part of the front-end assembly; it connects the front wing valances to the cowl or dash assembly. It is designed to strengthen the front end; it is part of the crumple zone, giving lateral stre...

The front-end assembly (Figure 1.45) is made up from the two front side member assemblies which are designed to carry the weight of the engine, suspension, steering gear and radiator. The suspension system used will affect the design of the...

the car body Inner construction This is considered as all the brackets, braces and panel assemblies that are used to give the car strength (Figure 1.44). In some cases the entire panels are inner construction on one make of car and a combin...

Outer construction This can be likened to the skin of the body, and is usually considered as that portion of a panel or panels which is visible from the outside of the car....

Identification of major body pressings The passenger-carrying compartment of a car is called the body, and to it is attached all the doors, wings and such parts required to form a complete body shell assembly (Figure 1.43)....

Basic Vehicle body construction A typical four-door saloon body can be likened to a hollow tube with holes cut in the sides. The bulkhead towards the front and rear completes the box-like form and assists in providing torsional stability. Th...

Variations in body shape Among the motor car manufacturers there are variations in constructional methods which result in different body types and styles. Figure 1.40 illustrates four types of body shell a saloon with a boot, a hatchback, an...

Galvanized body shell clad entirely with composite skin panels Renault have designed a high-rise car which has a skeletal steel body shell (Figure 1.38, clad entirely with composite panels. After assembly the complete body shell is immersed...

Glass fibre composite construction This method of producing complex shapes involves applying layers of glass fibre and resin in a prepared mould. After hardening, a strong moulding is produced with a smooth outer surface requiring little mai...

arduous,Prototype,testing...

1.2.6 Prototype production The new model now enters the prototype phase.The mock-ups give way to the first genuine road going vehicle, produced with the aid of accurate drawings and without complex tooling and machinery. The prototype must a...

The force which opposes the forward movement of an automobile is aerodynamic drag, in which air rubs against the exterior vehicle surfaces and forms disturbances about the body, thereby retarding forward movement. Aerodynamic drag increases...

Aerodynamics is an experimental science whose aim is the study of the relative motions of a solid body and the surrounding air. Its application to the design of a car body constitutes one of the chief lines of the search for energy economy i...

Development engineers prepare to test an engine in a computer-linked test cell to establish the optimum settings for best performance, economy and emission levels. With the increasing emphasis on performance with economy, computers are used...

NEWPORT BEACH, Calif., Aug. 25 /PRNewswire/ -- Ending nearly two years of litigation, an Orange County jury recently voted unanimously in favor of SVP International and against Toyota Motor Sales, USA, awarding significant damages to the Toy...

Question I took my truck to a repair shop back in September 2006 to get a rebuilt engine put in. I had to take it back in December because the check engine light came on they said they fixed it. I only drove it from the shop to my house and...

Speculative excess Speculators ignite the early stages of most bull markets, concedes MarketWatch's Mark Hulbert, who goes on to demonstrate how the stock-market surge beginning this March has featured greater-than-typical levels of specula...

Youre not sure if you hit a nail or ran through glass. What you do know it that your tire is definitely flat. It could be repaired at the mechanics shop or you could save yourself the trip and expense and do it yourself. The process can be...

One of the most irritating occurrences for a driver is to lose their rear view mirror. Not lost exactly, just that it is no longer attached to the windshield. Besides being illegal and unsafe, not having a rear view mirror is a serious inco...

(NAPSI)-After a fender bender, it's just as smart to steer yourself into the hands of the right auto body collision repair center as it is to check out a contractor's credentials when you need home repair. With more than 35,000 auto body re...

(NAPSI)-When deciding where to have their car repaired or serviced, most people choose a repair shop they trust and one that's convenient to their home or work, so they can fit such visits into their already busy schedules. Most people assu...

Auto Windshield Repair using OEM vs Non-OEM Glass One of the Most Important Overlooked Safety Features in Your Vehicle Is Right In Front of Your Eyes; The Difference Between High and Low Quality Windshields Youre on the road this summer and...

NAPSI)-So your import vehicle needs exhaust work? If so, is it really necessary to go to a dealership or high-end import specialist and pay the extra money commonly associated with this service? You may be surprised. Thousands of service sh...

Is it best to repair or replace your car? That's a good question in this economy and here are some helpful tips to make your decision a little easier for you. (NAPSI)-A growing number of people are finding that the economy has them debating...

Full-size models A full-size clay model is begun when the scale model has been satisfactorily modified. It is constructed in a similar way to the scale model but uses a metal, wood and plastic frame called a buck. The clay is placed on to th...

Once the initial designs have been accepted, scale models are produced for wind tunnel testing to determine the aerodynamic values of such a design. These models are usually constructed of wood and clay to allow for modifications to be made...

If a crash does happen, secondary safety designshould protect the passengers by 1 Making sure that, in the event of an accident,the occupants stay inside the car 2 Minimizing the magnitude and duration of the deceleration to which they are...

This refers to the features designed into the vehicle which reduce the possibility of an accident. These include primary design elements such as dual-circuit braking systems, anti-lock braking systems, high aerodynamic stability and efficie...

With regard to bodywork, the vehicle designer must take into account the safety of the driver, passengers and other road users. Although the vehicle cannot be expected to withstand collision with obstacles or other vehicles, much can be done...

Ergonomics is a fundamental component of theprocess of vehicle design. It is the consideration ofhuman factors in the efficient layout of controls inthe drivers environment. In the design of instru-ment panels, factors such as the drivers r...

Styling Styling has existed from early times. However, theterms stylist and styling originally came intocommon usage in the automotive industry duringthe first part of the twentieth century. The automotive stylist needs to be a combinationof...

The planning, design, engineering and development of a new motor car is an extremely complex process. With approximately 15 000 separate parts,the car is the most complicated piece of equipment built using mass production methods. Every maj...

Communication Vital to Quality Auto Repair and Service A poll of ASE-certified automotive technicians indicated that drivers over 60 are among the most conscientious when it comes to taking their vehicles in for routine maintenance and repa...

The planning, design, engineering and develop-ment of a new motor car is an extremely complex process. With approximately 15 000 separate parts,the car is the most complicated piece of equipment built using mass production methods. Every ma...

The idea of a self-propelled vehicle occurs inHomers Iliad. Vulcan, the blacksmith of the gods,in one day made 20 tricycles which self-movedobedient to the beck of the gods. The landmarks inmore modern motor vehicle history are as follows:1...

When the first motor cars appeared, little atten-tion was paid to their appearance; it was enoughthat they ran. Consequently the cars initially sold to the public mostly resembled horse-drawn car-riages with engines added. Henry Ford launche...

The first motor car bodies and chassis frames, madebetween 1896 and 1910, were similar in design tohorse-drawn carriages and, like the carriages, weremade almost entirely of wood. The frames were generally made from heavy ash,and the joints...

In the history of the motor car there has been someambiguity in the names used to describe varioustypes of body styles, built by coach builders fromdifferent countries. The following terms relate tothe vehicles produced during the period 189...

There are many ways in which motor vehicles maybe classified into convenient groups for recognition.Much depends on such factors as the manufacturer,the make of the car, the series and the body typeor style. Distinctive groups of passenger v...

- Due to the current economic climate, many Americans are becoming less willing to make expensive purchases. Even the nation's long-held love affair with the automobile hasn't escaped the penny-pinching trend. The latest trends demonstrate...